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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="showpoint" title="cpp/io/manip/showpoint"><span class="t-lines"><span>showpoint</span><span>noshowpoint</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="setprecision.html" title="cpp/io/manip/setprecision"><span class="t-lines"><span>setprecision</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fixed.html" title="cpp/io/manip/fixed"><span class="t-lines"><span>fixed</span><span>scientific</span><span>hexfloat</span><span>defaultfloat</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Integer formatting</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="setbase.html" title="cpp/io/manip/setbase"><span class="t-lines"><span>setbase</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="showbase.html" title="cpp/io/manip/showbase"><span class="t-lines"><span>showbase</span><span>noshowbase</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="hex.html" title="cpp/io/manip/hex"><span class="t-lines"><span>dec</span><span>hex</span><span>oct</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Boolean formatting</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="boolalpha.html" title="cpp/io/manip/boolalpha"><span class="t-lines"><span>boolalpha</span><span>noboolalpha</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Field width and fill control</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="setfill.html" title="cpp/io/manip/setfill"><span class="t-lines"><span>setfill</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="setw.html" title="cpp/io/manip/setw"><span class="t-lines"><span>setw</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="left.html" title="cpp/io/manip/left"><span class="t-lines"><span>internal</span><span>left</span><span>right</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Other formatting</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="showpos.html" title="cpp/io/manip/showpos"><span class="t-lines"><span>showpos</span><span>noshowpos</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="uppercase.html" title="cpp/io/manip/uppercase"><span class="t-lines"><span>uppercase</span><span>nouppercase</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Whitespace processing</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="ws.html" title="cpp/io/manip/ws"><span class="t-lines"><span>ws</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="ends.html" title="cpp/io/manip/ends"><span class="t-lines"><span>ends</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="skipws.html" title="cpp/io/manip/skipws"><span class="t-lines"><span>skipws</span><span>noskipws</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Output flushing</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><strong class="selflink"><span class="t-lines"><span>flush</span></span></strong></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="endl.html" title="cpp/io/manip/endl"><span class="t-lines"><span>endl</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="unitbuf.html" title="cpp/io/manip/unitbuf"><span class="t-lines"><span>unitbuf</span><span>nounitbuf</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Status flags manipulation</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="resetiosflags.html" title="cpp/io/manip/resetiosflags"><span class="t-lines"><span>resetiosflags</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="setiosflags.html" title="cpp/io/manip/setiosflags"><span class="t-lines"><span>setiosflags</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Time and money I/O</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="get_money.html" title="cpp/io/manip/get money"><span class="t-lines"><span>get_money</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="get_time.html" title="cpp/io/manip/get time"><span class="t-lines"><span>get_time</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="put_money.html" title="cpp/io/manip/put money"><span class="t-lines"><span>put_money</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="put_time.html" title="cpp/io/manip/put time"><span class="t-lines"><span>put_time</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
</table></div><div><span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/io/manip/navbar_content&amp;action=edit">&#91;edit&#93;</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep">&#160;</div></div>
<table class="t-dcl-begin"><tbody>
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td> <div>Defined in header <code><a href="../../header/ostream.html" title="cpp/header/ostream">&lt;ostream&gt;</a></code>
 </div></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr class="t-dcl-sep"><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr class="t-dcl">
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> <div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1">&lt;</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> CharT, <span class="kw1">class</span> Traits <span class="sy1">&gt;</span><br />
<a href="../basic_ostream.html"><span class="kw1400">std::<span class="me2">basic_ostream</span></span></a><span class="sy1">&lt;</span>charT,traits<span class="sy1">&gt;</span><span class="sy3">&amp;</span> flush<span class="br0">&#40;</span> <a href="../basic_ostream.html"><span class="kw1400">std::<span class="me2">basic_ostream</span></span></a><span class="sy1">&lt;</span>CharT, Traits<span class="sy1">&gt;</span><span class="sy3">&amp;</span> os <span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad">  </td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad">  </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl-sep"><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>Flushes the output sequence <code>os</code> as if by calling <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">os.<span class="me1">flush</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span></span></span>. 
</p><p>This is an output-only I/O manipulator, it may be called with an expression such as <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">out <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">flush</span></span></span> for any <code>out</code> of type <span class="t-lc"><a href="../basic_ostream.html" title="cpp/io/basic ostream">std::basic_ostream</a></span>.
</p>
<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Parameters"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Parameters</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Return_value"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Return value</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Example"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Example</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/io/manip/flush&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h3>
<p>This manipulator may be used to produce an incomplete line of output immediately, e.g. when displaying output from a long-running process, logging activity of multiple threads or logging activity of a program that may crash unexpectedly. An explicit flush of <span class="t-lc"><a href="../basic_ostream.html" title="cpp/io/basic ostream">std::cout</a></span> is also necessary before a call to <span class="t-lc"><a href="../../utility/program/system.html" title="cpp/utility/program/system">std::system</a></span>, if the spawned process performs any screen I/O (a common example is <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../../utility/program/system.html"><span class="kw818">std::<span class="me2">system</span></span></a><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">&quot;pause&quot;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span></span></span> on Windows). In most other usual interactive I/O scenarios, <span class="t-lc"><a href="endl.html" title="cpp/io/manip/endl">std::endl</a></span> is redundant when used with <span class="t-lc"><a href="../basic_ostream.html" title="cpp/io/basic ostream">std::cout</a></span> because any input from <span class="t-lc"><a href="../basic_istream.html" title="cpp/io/basic istream">std::cin</a></span>, output to <span class="t-lc"><a href="../basic_ostream.html" title="cpp/io/basic ostream">std::cerr</a></span>, or program termination forces a call to <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../basic_ostream.html"><span class="kw1439">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a>.<span class="me1">flush</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span></span></span>. 
</p><p>When a complete line of output needs to be flushed, the <span class="t-lc"><a href="endl.html" title="cpp/io/manip/endl">std::endl</a></span> manipulator may be used.
</p><p>When every output operation needs to be flushed, the <span class="t-lc"><a href="unitbuf.html" title="cpp/io/manip/unitbuf">std::unitbuf</a></span> manipulator may be used.
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/io/manip/flush&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Parameters">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Parameters">Parameters</span></h3>
<table class="t-par-begin">


<tr class="t-par">
<td>  os
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td>  reference to output stream
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/io/manip/flush&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Return value">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Return_value">Return value</span></h3>
<p><code>os</code> (reference to the stream after manipulation)
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/io/manip/flush&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Example">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Example">Example</span></h3>
<div class="t-example"><p> Without std::flush, the output would be the same, but may not appear in real time.
 </p><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include &lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class="co2">#include &lt;chrono&gt;</span>
<span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1">&lt;</span><span class="kw1">typename</span> Diff<span class="sy1">&gt;</span>
<span class="kw4">void</span> log_progress<span class="br0">&#40;</span>Diff d<span class="br0">&#41;</span>
<span class="br0">&#123;</span>
    <a href="../basic_ostream.html"><span class="kw1439">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="st0">&quot;..(&quot;</span>
              <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <a href="../../chrono/duration/duration_cast.html"><span class="kw844">std::<span class="me2">chrono</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">duration_cast</span></span></a><span class="sy1">&lt;</span><a href="../../chrono/duration.html"><span class="kw840">std::<span class="me2">chrono</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">milliseconds</span></span></a><span class="sy1">&gt;</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span>d<span class="br0">&#41;</span>.<span class="me1">count</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span>
              <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="st0">&quot; ms)..&quot;</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">flush</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">&#125;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span>
<span class="br0">&#123;</span>
    <span class="kw4">volatile</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> sink<span class="sy1">=</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
&#160;
    <span class="kw4">auto</span> t1 <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">chrono</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">high_resolution_clock</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">now</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <span class="kw1">for</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="kw4">int</span> j<span class="sy1">=</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> j<span class="sy1">&lt;</span><span class="nu0">5</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>j<span class="br0">&#41;</span>
    <span class="br0">&#123;</span>
        <span class="kw1">for</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="kw4">int</span> n<span class="sy1">=</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> n<span class="sy1">&lt;</span><span class="nu0">10000</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>n<span class="br0">&#41;</span>
            <span class="kw1">for</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="kw4">int</span> m<span class="sy1">=</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> m<span class="sy1">&lt;</span><span class="nu0">20000</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>m<span class="br0">&#41;</span>
                sink <span class="sy2">+</span><span class="sy1">=</span> m<span class="sy2">*</span>n<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// do some work</span>
        <span class="kw4">auto</span> now <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">chrono</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">high_resolution_clock</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">now</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
        log_progress<span class="br0">&#40;</span>now <span class="sy2">-</span> t1<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <span class="br0">&#125;</span>
    <a href="../basic_ostream.html"><span class="kw1439">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">&#125;</span></pre></div></div>
<p>Output:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">..(450 ms)....(901 ms)....(1350 ms)....(1800 ms)....(2250 ms)..</pre></div></div> 
</div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/io/manip/flush&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="unitbuf.html" title="cpp/io/manip/unitbuf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>unitbuf</span><span>nounitbuf</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>   controls whether output is flushed after each operation <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/io/manip/dsc_unitbuf&amp;action=edit">&#91;edit&#93;</a></span>
</td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="endl.html" title="cpp/io/manip/endl"> <span class="t-lines"><span>endl</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>   outputs <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span></span></span> and flushes the output stream <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function template)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/io/manip/dsc_endl&amp;action=edit">&#91;edit&#93;</a></span>
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<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../basic_ostream/flush.html" title="cpp/io/basic ostream/flush"> <span class="t-lines"><span>flush</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>   synchronizes with the underlying storage device <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::basic_ostream</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/io/basic_ostream/dsc_flush&amp;action=edit">&#91;edit&#93;</a></span>
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